SELECT 
  usergroup_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  product_id = 4

Query time 0.00030

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "const",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "ref": [
        "const"
      ],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100
    }
  }
}